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Objective: This study focused on the systematic literature measurement and visual analysis of treating COVID-19 with combined Chinese and Western medicine to explore the development status, research hot spots and trends, and cutting-edge dynamics. It provides data, information support, and development references for treating COVID-19with combined Chinese and Western medicine. Methods: Three major databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database were used as data sources to retrieve the relevant literature on the combined Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 from March2019 to March 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using bibliometric methods and CiteSpace software. Visual analysis was performed on publishing trends, research institution cooperation, author cooperation, keyword co-occurrence and clustering, and research hotspots. Results: A total of 476 articles were included in this study, with the largest number published in 2020. Statistical analysis of published units showed that the cooperative relationship between institutions was discrete, indicating that the research on treating novel coronavirus with combined Chinese and western medicine was extensive. Hot spots in the research were mainly reflected in four aspects:coronavirus, diagnosis and treatment plan, combined Chinese and Western medicine, and epidemic prevention and control. Conclusion: The research theme of treating COVID-19 with combined Chinese and Western medicine dynamically changes with the epidemic development, which is guided by clinical efficacy. It mainly focuses on the formulation of diagnosis and treatment plans. The cooperation between authors and institutions is insufficient, and communication needs to be further strengthened.
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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic triggered serious challenges in the treatment of chronic diseases due to the lack of access to medical attention. Patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) must have adequate treatment compliance in order to reach and maintain remission or low activity of their diseases. Treatment suspension because of non-medical reasons might lead to disease activation and organ damage.ObjectivesIdentify the frequency of biologic treatment (bDMARD) suspension in patients with RD during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the associated factors for suspension.MethodsIn this study we included all patients registered in the Mexican Biologics Adverse Events Registry (BIOBADAMEX), that started bDMARD before March 2019 and suspended treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used descriptive statistic to analyze baseline characteristics and main treatment suspension causes. We used Chi[2] and Kruskal Wallis tests to analyze differences between groups.ResultsA total of 832 patients patients registered in BIOBADAMEX were included in this study, 143 (17%) suspended bDMARD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main causes of suspension were inefficacy in 54 (38%) patients, followed by other motives in 49 (34%) patients from which 7 (5%) was loss of medical coverage. Adverse events and loss of patients to follow up were the motive in 16 (11%) and 15 (11%) patients respectively.When we compared the group that suspended bDMARD with the non-suspenders (Table 1), we found statistical differences in patient gender, with 125 (87%) female patients that suspended bDMARD, with a median age of 52 (42-60) years, and a treatment duration of 3.8 years.ConclusionIn our study we found that 17% of patients with RD suspended bDMARD treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and that non-medical motives such as lack of patients follow up and loss of medical coverage due to unemployment were important motives. These results are related to the effect of the pandemic on other chronic diseases.Table 1.Patients baseline characteristicsPatients that did not suspended bDMARD during pandemic (n = 689)Patients that suspended bDMARD during pandemic (n = 143)pFemale gender, n(%)549 (79.7)125 (87.4)0.02Age, median (IQR)55 (45 – 63)52 (42 – 60)0.04Body mass index, median (IQR)26.4 (23 – 30.4)27.23 (24.2 – 30.46)0.13Social security, n(%)589 (85.5)128 (89.5)0.2Diagnosis0.7- Rheumatoid arthritis444 (64.4)97 (67.8)- Juvenil idiopathic athritis29 (4.2)2 (1.4)- Ankyosing sponylitis93 (13.5)19 (13.3)- Psoriasic arthritis43 (6.2)6 (4.2)- Systemic lupus erithematosus32 (4.6)9 (6.3)- Others48 (6.9)10 (6.9)Disease duration, median (IQR)11 (7 – 19.5)12 (6 - 18)0.95Comorbidities, n(%)305 (44.3)73 (51)0.08Previos biologic, n(%)249 (36.1)60 (42)0.1Treatment at pandemic iniciation, n(%)0.8 - Etanercept a34 (4.9)5 (3.5)- Infliximab a24 (3.5)5 (3.5)- Adalimumab130 (18.9)22 (15.4)- Rituximab a61 (8.9)25 (17.5)- Abatacept76 (11)20 (14)- Tocilizumab82 (11.9)18 (12.6)- Certolizumab92 (13.4)28 (19.6)- Rituximab b7 (1)0- Golimumab36 (5.2)5 (3.5)- Tofacitinib14 (2)1 (0.7)- Infliximab b4 (0.5)2 (1.4)- Etanercept b31 (4.5)6 (4.2)- Baricitinib12 (1.7)1 (0.7)- Belimumab5 (0.7)1 (0.7)- Secukinumb8 (1.2)3 (2.1)Steroids use, n(%):254 (36.9)57 (39.9)0.2Steroids dose (mg), median (IQR)6 (5 – 10)6 (5 – 10)0.47DMARD use, n(%):538 (78.1)118 (82.5)0.1Treatment duration, median (IQR)5.06 (4.04 – 5.78)3.82 (3.35 – 4.95)0.001Suspension motive, n(%)NA- Inefficacy-54 (37.8)- Adverse event-16 (11.2)- Pregnancy-2 (1.4)- Loss of patient-15 (10.5)- Remission-7 (4.9)- Others-49 (34.2)Adverse events, n(%):102 (14.8)24 (16.8)0.3- Severe, n(%)13 (1.9)5 (3.5)0.4a original, b biosimilarREFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsVijaya Rivera Teran: None declared, Daniel Xavier Xibille Friedmann: None declared, David Vega-Morales: None declared, Sandra Sicsik: None declared, Angel Castillo Ortiz: None declared, Fedra Irazoque-Palazuelos: None declared, Dafhne Miranda: None declared, Iris Jazmin Colunga-Pedraza: None declared, Julio Cesar Casasola: None declared, Omar Elo Muñoz-Monroy: None declared, Sandra Carrilo: None declared, Angélica Peña: None declared, Sergio Duran Barragan: None declared, Luis Francisco Valdés Corona: None declared, Estefanía Torres Valdéz: None declared, Azucena Ramos: None declared, Aleni Paz: None declared, ERICK ADRIAN ZAMORA-TEHOZOL: None declared, Deshire Alpizar-Rodriguez Employee of: Scientific Advisor in GSK México.
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The coronavirus pandemic is a global health emergency which has had widespread unforeseen mental health consequences. Those with borderline personality disorder are predisposed to poor coping strategies to manage such stress and require intense psychological input which was not widely available during the peak of the pandemic. It is likely that the coronavirus outbreak has had a significant impact on the mental stability of such patients aggravating deliberate self-harm behaviours. A 20-year old psychiatric in-patient with borderline personality disorder, held under Section III of the mental health act, presented to the adult plastic surgery team in Bristol with localised infection of her right forearm. Foreign bodies were easily palpable and imaging revealed linear metal objects. The patient reported that she had removed metal strips from her collection of face masks and inserted them into her forearm as an act of deliberate self-harm. The patient was taken to operating theatre for removal of these foreign bodies under general anaesthetic. After twenty-four hours of antibiotics she was discharged safely back to the psychiatric ward. Despite the epilogue of the COVID-19 pandemic facemasks are still mandatory within the hospital setting. Clinicians need to be aware of these unusual circumstances where a form of protective equipment was deconstructed to cause actual bodily harm. The purpose of this report is to promote awareness of this type of injury especially in those suffering from mental illness. The authors would suggest an alternative mask without any form of metal.
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Oesophageal involvement due to tuberculosis (TB) and coinfection with HTLV-1 is rare and can be complicated by the presence of other infections that affect the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, such as COVID-19. We present the case of a 27-year-old male patient, with 3 months of illness, weight loss, dysphagia, and ulcers in the oral cavity. Tomography showed oesophageal perforation and after oesophageal ulcer biopsy, TB was diagnosed, in addition to infection by HTLV-1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). The patient responded satisfactorily to antituberculous treatment and corticosteroids. Considering the association between rare extrapulmonary tuberculosis and other immunosuppressive pathologies, it is crucial to identify these pathologies in such patients.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 has shaped the world over the last 3 years. Although the risk for severe COVID-19 progression in children is low it might be aggravated by chronic rheumatic disease or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.ObjectivesWe analyzed clinical data of COVID-19 cases among paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases reported to BIKER between March 2020 and December 2022.MethodsThe main task of the German BIKER (Biologics in Pediatric Rheumatology) registry is safety monitoring of biologic therapies in JIA. After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey was expanded with a standardized form to proactively interview all participating centers about occurrence, presentation and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children with rheumatic diseases.ResultsA total of 68 centres participated in the survey. Clinical data from 928 COVID infections in 885 patients with rheumatic diseases could be analyzed. JIA was the most common diagnosis with (717 infections), followed by genetic autoinflammation (103 infections), systemic autoimmune diseases (78 infections), idiopathic uveitis (n=25), vasculitis (n=5).In 374 reported COVID infections (40%), patients were receiving conventional DMARDs, in 331 (36%) biologics, mainly TNF inhibitors (TNFi, n=241 (26%)). In 567 reports (61%) patients used either a biologic or a DMARD, in 339 reports patients (37%) did not use any antirheumatic medication including steroid.Over the last 3 years, COVID-19 occurred in Germany in 5 distinguishable waves, calendar weeks (CW) 10-30 in 2020, CW 21/2020 – 8/2021(both predominantly wild-type variant), CW 9-27 in 2021 (Alpha variant in the majority of infections), CW 28-51 in 2021 (Delta variant), since CW 52/2021 (several Omikron variants;Robert-Koch Institute: VOC_VOI_Tabelle.xlsx;live.com))In our cohort, patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were slightly older during the 1st and 2nd wave (mean age 12.7+/-3.5 and 12.8+/-4.3 years) compared to the 4th and 5th wave with 11.4+/-3.9 and 11.4+/-4.2 years;p=0.01.160 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported, frequencies of symptoms associated with COVID-19 are shown in table 1.Five patients were hospitalized for 4-7 days. A 3½-year-old female patient succumbed during the first wave with encephalopathy and respiratory failure. The patient had been treated with MTX and steroids for systemic JIA. Genetic testing revealed a congenital immunodeficiency. No other patient needed ventilation or intensive care. One case of uncomplicated PIMS in an MTX treated JIA patient was reported.The duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated symptoms was markably shorter during the 5th wave with 6.7+/-5.1 days, compared with reports from the other 4 waves (Table1).The duration of symptoms was higher in MTX treated patients (10.2+/-8.4 days) compared to patients without treatment (7.7+/-10.8;p=0.004) or patients treated with TNFi (8.2+/-4.8, p=0.002). Although patients treated with steroids also had a longer duration of symptoms (9.7+/-7.0), this was not significant.ConclusionExcept for one patient with congenital immunodeficiency who died, no case of severe COVID-19 was reported in our cohort. At the time of infection, over 60% of patients had been treated with conventional DMARDs and/or biologics. Although MTX treated patients had a slightly longer duration of symptoms, antirheumatic treatment did not appear to have a negative impact on severity or outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Table 1.Characteristics and frequency of symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infectionsN or mean (SD)1st wave N=202nd wave N=843rd wave N=384th wave N=1245th wave N=662female14532775432age at COVID-19, years12.7 (3.5)12.8 (4.3)11.8 (3.5)11.4 (3.9)11.4 (4.2)asymptomatic126132694duration of symptoms;days,11.9 (14.7)9.2 (7.0)14.1 (11.6)10.3 (7.6)6.7 (5.1)fever1218541306cough1015652245rhinitis5261344289headache4161227171sore throat61139132musculosceletal pain2751348loss of smell/taste71162113fatigue4882680dizziness122116gastrointestinal symptoms151864dyspnea1117pneumonia11bronchitis1REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Inter stsAriane Klein Speakers bureau: Novartis, Toni Hospach Speakers bureau: Speaking fee Novartis and SOBI., Frank Dressler Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, Pfizer, Advisory Boards Novartis and Mylan, Daniel Windschall Grant/research support from: research funds by Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Abbvie, Markus Hufnagel: None declared, Wolfgang Emminger: None declared, Sonja Mrusek: None declared, Peggy Ruehmer: None declared, Alexander Kühn: None declared, Philipp Bismarck: None declared, Maria Haller: None declared, Gerd Horneff Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Roche, MSD, Sobi, GSK, Sanofi, AbbVie, Chugai, Bayer, Novartis, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, MSD, AbbVie, Chugai, Novartis.
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Objective To explore the causes and feelings of delayed experience of seeking medical treatment in patients with advanced lung cancer, and to provide new insights for more targeted health education and medical care services. Methods A semi-structured in depth interview based on the theory of planned behavior was conducted among 30 patients with advanced lung cancer who experienced medical delay from November to December in 2021 admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. The interview content was analyzed and ed by using Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method and Nvivo11.0 software. Results The delay duration of 30 patients with advanced lung cancer ranged from 90 to 213 days. Four subject groups were extracted by generic analysis: the cause of delay, the cause to seek medical help, the worry about the disease, and solutions. Conclusions The delay behavior of patients with advanced lung cancer is affected by external situational factors such as symptom severity, family economic capacity, social support, accessibility of health services, prevalence of novel coronavirus, and subjective psychological factors such as sense of stigma and burden of disease, it is necessary to reduce the occurrence of medical delay in patients with advanced lung cancer through the comprehensive management strategy of multiple channels. © 2023 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected more than 683 million people worldwide with 6.8 million deaths. Unfortunately, Bulgaria is one of the most severely affected European Union (EU) member-states with one of the highest mortality rates. Aim: The study aims to provide a description of the demographic characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of COVID-19-diagnosed patients in one region of Central South Bulgaria in 2021. Materials and methods: A retrospective nested case series study was conducted among patients hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 1st and December 31st, 2021. Anonymized patient data on age, sex, admission and discharge dates, treatment, and the outcome was collected from hospital electronic patient records and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Data from 1630 (51% male) patients were identified. The mean age was 63.64 years (+or-15.23). 1342 (82%) of the patients were discharged. The mean age of the diseased was 70.88 years (+or-10.05). 1455 (89%) patients received only symptomatic therapy, 155 (10%) patients were treated with remdesivir (VekluryR), 11 (1%) patients were treated with casirivimab/imdevimab (RonapreveR) and 9 (1%) patients were administered regdanvimab (RegkironaR). Conclusions: The study results demonstrate that Bulgarian patients with COVID-19 were treated according to the best global and national evidencebased guidelines. Lethality and discharge rates are in concordance with global trends and outcomes.
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Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in 2019, with the relentless efforts of the country in the early stage to the "10 new measures" now, the prevention and control has been gradually released from strict regulations. The number of COVID-19 infections increased, and wide attention has been attracted by the primary skin diseases, deterioration of pre-existing skin diseases, and other skin damage that resulted from self-protection and treatment. Considering the series of skin problems caused by COVID-19 infection and prevention measures, we mainly summarize the common skin damage after the"10 new measures" and propose a strategy to guide the treatment in this article.
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In 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan, China, which soon spread all over the world. The main hallmark of the disease includes fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and dry cough with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, no definitive treatment or prevention therapy exists for COVID-19 but scientists and researchers all over the world are relentlessly working to understand COVID-19 to discover novel therapeutic tools and vaccines. Today, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated as a noninvasive therapy for the treatment of this pandemic and was able to increase the healing process with the help of appropriate photosensitizers by targeting the pathogen inside the patient's body.
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Background: There exists a treatment dilemma regarding the optimal and effective use of therapeutic drugs (hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine/azithromycin) for COVID-19. Furthermore, with changing guidelines, the data on drug utilization patterns across India are limited. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the prescription pattern and drug utilization trends in COVID-19 patients with the aim to study the drug utilization pattern in patients affected with COVID-19 in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To study drug utilization patterns according to the severity of the disease. (2) To study the prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 100 medical records of patients 18 years irrespective of sex admitted in the COVID ward and ICU of a dedicated COVID hospital from May to August 2020. Pregnant and lactating women were excluded from the study. ADRs reported were also analyzed. Results: About 71% were mild in this study, 18% were moderate, and 11% were severe COVID-19 patients. Overall, the most common drugs prescribed were multivitamins, followed by pantoprazole, paracetamol, and azithromycin. Hydroxychloroquine was prescribed in 22%, favipiravir in 7%, and remdesivir in 3% of cases. The majority of moderate COVID patients received injectables piperacillin-tazobactam, methylprednisolone, and enoxaparin. The mean number of medications, duration of admission, and number of days on oxygen were higher and significant in moderate compared to mild and severe COVID patients. Overall, ADRs were encountered in 9% of cases. Conclusion: The prescribed pattern of drugs was by the national standard guidelines. Multivitamins, followed by pantoprazole, paracetamol, and azithromycin dominated the prescription pattern. Polypharmacy was encountered, which needs to be addressed for the rational use of drugs.
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This journal issue includes s of papers presented at the conference. Topics discusses are: stillbirth during a pandemic;analysis of the female genital tract (FGT) metabolome;effectiveness of REGEN-COV antibody combination to reduce risk of hospitalization;patterns of nucleic acid amplification testing;delta variant neutralizing antibody response following maternal COVID19 vaccination;integrated prenatal and hepatitis c virus care increases linkage;extended interval gentamicin dosing in obstetrics;maternal and infant cytomegalovirus detection among women living with HIV.
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These proceedings comprise 85 articles spanning diverse fields such as bacteriology, molecular biology, biotechnology, dermatology, infectious and parasitic diseases, epidemiology, physiotherapy, immunology, mycology, parasitology, pathology, collective health, and virology. The articles delve into a wide range of research topics, from repurposing drugs for Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections to utilising artificial intelligence for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. In bacteriology, investigations explore the correlation between smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric adenocarcinoma patients, as well as the resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tracheostomised children. Molecular biology studies focus on gene polymorphisms related to diseases like paracoccidioidomycosis. Biotechnology research emphasises bioactive molecules in species like Croton urucurana and the development of computational models for cytotoxicity prediction. Dermatology articles address stability characterisation in vegetable oil-based nanoemulsions. The section on infectious and parasitic diseases encompasses studies on COVID-19 vaccine response in pregnant women and the impact of infection prevention measures in rehabilitation hospitals. Epidemiology investigations analyse trends in premature mortality, tuberculosis in diabetic patients, and public adherence to non-pharmacological COVID-19 measures. Physiotherapy research covers topics such as telerehabilitation through a developed game and the prevalence of congenital anomalies. Immunology studies explore immune responses in HIV and Leishmaniasis, whilst mycology investigates the biotechnological potential of fungi from the cerrado biome. Parasitology research evaluates treatment efficacy against vectors parasites such as Aedes aegypti and Toxoplasma gondii. Pathology articles discuss intentional intoxication in cattle and the influence of curcumin on acute kidney injury therapy. Collective health studies focus on intervention plan development in healthcare settings and pesticide use in horticulture. Lastly, virology research investigates parvovirus occurrence in hospitalised children during the COVID-19 pandemic, hidden hepatitis B virus infection in inmates, and the prevalence of HPV and HTLV-1/2 infections in specific populations.
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Background: This study investigates the clinical characteristics of the first confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Bahrain. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study including the first 247 confirmed cases in Bahrain. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Mean Standard Deviation (SD) age of patients was 44.15 (16.5) years. More males were affected by the disease (61%;151/274). Mean (SD) of the duration between confirmation and discharge was 9.8 (5.1) days. Of 247 patients, 4 deaths were reported (1.6%);17.5% (24/137) showed a temperature of >37- on admission, with 4% (6/148) yielding an oxygen saturation of 94% or less. Leukopenia was reported in 36.8% of patients (63/171). One quarter of patients (25.5%) received oseltamivir, 24.7% received hydroxychloroquine sulfate (24.7%), and 1.2% received steroids. Conclusion: In this study, the authors have captured the epidemiological and clinical profiles of the first cases of COVID-19 pertaining to the first wave of the pandemic in Bahrain. The early strict measures may have contributed to the lower incidence as well as lower morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection in Bahrain. Major gaps in our knowledge of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 and its prognosis, outcomes, and associated risk factors indicate the need for further research.
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Background: This web-based survey is done to collect and assess data from people tested for COVID-19 with PCR in Pakistan. Methods: This 3-month study is a cross-sectional online survey, conducted by Pakistan Islamic Medical Association (PIMA), Health Research Advisory Board (HealthRAB) and National Institute of Health (NIH). Data collection was done using Google Forms. People who were tested for COVID-19 using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were included in the study. The sample size of the study was 1,537. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. Results: Majority of the respondents belonged to the age group 20 - 39 years. The most common symptoms found were fever 633 (41%), cough 534 (34%), generalized body aches 432 (28%) and sore throat 392 (25%). The mean COVID-19 mental health score was 3.59 (SD: 5.808, range: 0-18). Treatment with antibiotics and painkillers had a strong correlation (p-value < 0.05) with the disease outcomes. The disease outcomes had moderate correlation (p-value < 0.05) with anti-allergy, steroids, plasma and oxygen therapy, and weak correlation (p-value < 0.05) with Antiviral and Antimalarial therapy. Out of the total respondents, 561 (36.1%) were cured from COVID-19, 14 (0.9%) were expired during/after hospitalization, 15 (1%) were still infected and 962 (62%) were not infected. Conclusion: Pakistani population has a better cure rate than some of its neighboring countries. However, further research in this area is required to draw a definite conclusion.
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Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture specimens of patients with bloodstream infections before and after COVID-19 (2018-2019 and 2020-2021), and to provide scientific basis and reference for rational treatment and effective control of bloodstream infections in the post-epidemic period. Methods: Blood culture specimens were collected from patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in the two years before and after the COVID-19 outbreak (2018-2021). The Automated Blood Culture Systems were used to perform blood culture on blood specimens sent for clinical inspection, and the Vitek MS automatic bacterial identification mass spectrometer was used for strain identification and the Vitek 2 automatic bacterial drug susceptibility analyzer was used for drug susceptibility testing and drug resistance analysis. Results: Blood culture specimens were performed on 28 736 patients with suspected bloodstream infection submitted for inspection from January 2018 to December 2019, and a total of 2 181 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected after removing duplicate strains, with a positive rate of 7.69%, including 1 046 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 47.96%. From January 2020 to December 2021, blood culture specimens from 26 083 patients with suspected bloodstream infection were submitted for inspection, and a total of 2 111 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected after excluding duplicate strains, with a positive rate of 8.09%, including 1 000 strains of Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 47.37%. The drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was relatively serious, and the sensitivity rate to ertapenem, polymyxin B and tigecycline was more than 90%. The main non-fermentative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii was more than 50% sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin and polymyxin B. The sensitivity rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, piperacillin and meropenem were more than 50%. Conclusions: In the two years before and after COVID-19, there are many types of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infection, but the distribution do not differ significantly. The pathogens of bloodstream infection are mainly distributed in ICU, hepatobiliary research institute, and nephrology department. Among them, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii are the main ones, and different pathogens showed great differences in drug resistance.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. It is urgent to find treatments to control the infection and improve symptoms. Homologous modeling and clinical analyses suggest that histamine receptor antagonists have broad prospects in the treatment of COVID-19. This article introduces the research progress of histamine H1 receptor antagonist combined with azithromycin, histamine H2 receptor antagonist famotidine alone or combined with aspirin, and histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists used in combination in the treatment of COVID-19. Finally, the possible mechanism of histamine receptor antagonists in the treatment of COVID-19 was introduced and the application prospect of histamine receptor antagonists in the treatment of COVID-19 was analyzed.
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The epidemic caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant broke out in Shanghai in Mar. 2022. Omicron variant has characteristics such as strong concealment and rapid transmission, resulting in significant differences between the current round of epidemic and that in Wuhan. The number of infected patients (mainly asymptomatic infected patients) increased rapidly in a short term. Based on dynamic zero policy, shelter hospitals were set up in time in Shanghai to treat the patients. It is suggested that medical resources and patient characteristics should be taken into account in the independent cabin of a shelter hospital with more than 10 000 beds, and the clinical medical practice should be divided to 5 modes (universal education and management, community outpatient clinic, ward duty, emergency rescue, and temporary observation and transport) to optimize the allocation of medical resources, so as to further enhance the treatment capacity and efficiency of shelter hospitals.
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The aggregate numbers and rates of ambulatory care visits by active component service members in 2021 were the highest of the previous ten years. Most disease and injury categories experienced slight increases in both rates and numbers. From 19% of ambulatory care visits in 2020 to less than 15% in 2021, telehealth contacts were used less frequently. The statistics for 2021 demonstrate a return to pre-pandemic levels, notwithstanding the possibility that the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was related with declines in the incidence of disease and injury diagnoses in the community of service members seeking ambulatory care. Additionally, the proportions of telehealth-delivered medical encounters have similarly decreased to the lower levels seen before the pandemic. Lessons learned may direct future actions to lower the frequency of disease and harm in the post-pandemic era. This study details the ambulatory health care visits made by active component members of the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps in 2020 in terms of frequency, rates, trends, and other factors. U.S. service members' ambulatory visits to fixed military and nonmilitary medical treatment facilities (reimbursed through the Military Health System [MHS]) are recorded in standardized, computerized records. The Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS), the data source for this report, routinely archives these records for health surveillance purposes. This research excludes ambulatory visits that are not frequently and fully recorded using standardized electronic records (for example, during deployments, field training exercises, or at sea). As in previous MSMR reports, the primary (first-listed) diagnostic position of the visit records was used to categorize all records of ambulatory visits of active component service members according to the first four characters of the ICD-10 codes. In this research, a specific query of the DMSS records was carried out to identify ambulatory visits that were completed via "telehealth" encounters rather than in-person meetings (e.g., via telephone or video conferencing). Most data summaries included both types of encounters and did not make a distinction between them, however due to the rise in telehealth encounter usage during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, changes in the proportions of telehealth encounters were examined.
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In order to further improve the medical treatment of severe cases of new coronavirus infection and effectively improve the level of standardized and homogeneous diagnosis and treatment, the National Health Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine combined the characteristics of the omecroron mutant strain and the infection According to the disease characteristics of patients, summarizing the previous medical treatment experience, the organization revised the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Severe and Critical Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 3)", and formed the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Novel Coronavirus Infection Severe Cases (Trial Version 4th)" Version) (hereinafter referred to as the "Program"). The key revisions are as follows: 1. Adjust the name of the disease from "new coronavirus pneumonia" to "new coronavirus infection".
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This special issue comprises 8 articles that explore various aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic from mathematical, statistical, and biological perspectives. The two articles in the mathematics category discuss optimal control strategies to limit the spread of COVID-19 in Italy and Jakarta, Indonesia, using quarantine, testing, and medical treatment. The statistics category features 4 articles that investigate the impact of temperature on the spread of COVID-19 in Gulf countries, the development of novel hybrid models for predicting COVID-19 in Kuwait, forecasting using basic reproduction number dynamics to analyze the pandemic's data, and a comparison of the multi-state models to assess the effect of antiviral treatment on SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease progression. The final 2 articles in the biology category focus on the bioinformatic analysis of antiviral medicinal compounds against SARS-CoV-2 proteases and the filtration efficiency of face masks and veils as protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.